1. Fair comparison
Evaluate a plant-growth comparison in which fertiliser A plants receive 200 mL water daily and fertiliser B plants receive 100 mL.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
2. Accuracy and precision
Readings of a reference mass of 10.00 g are 10.40, 10.41 and 10.40 g. Evaluate the readings.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
3. Relative uncertainty
A length is 25.0 ± 0.5 cm. Calculate and interpret the relative uncertainty.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
4. Reading a slope
Position changes from 4 m at 2 s to 16 m at 8 s. Determine the average velocity.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
5. Representative sampling
A field survey places every quadrat near a shaded fence. Evaluate a claim about the entire varied field.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
6. Capture–recapture
A first sample marks 30 animals. A second sample catches 40, of which 6 are marked. Estimate population size and state two assumptions.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
7. Association and causation
In a student survey, more exercise is associated with lower reported stress. Evaluate the causal claim.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
8. Evaluating an outlier
One reaction-time reading is 14 s while the other four are 8–9 s. Explain how to handle it.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
9. Model limitation
A classroom epidemic simulation assumes every person is equally likely to contact every other person. Evaluate this assumption.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
10. Specific evaluation
An experiment times a fast-moving cart using a hand-operated stopwatch. Propose one justified improvement.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
11. Evidence-based conclusion
Mean cooling time is 72 s in covered cups and 50 s in uncovered cups across repeated matched trials. Write a qualified conclusion.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.
12. Secondary-data provenance
A report uses an online graph with no date, method or source citation. Evaluate its use as evidence.
Write a response connecting a claim, evidence and scientific reasoning. Include a limitation or repair where appropriate.