Biology Year 11 - Module 2 - Lesson 15

Gas Exchange Between Internal and External Environments

Use this worksheet after reading the lesson to practise the key ideas and prove you can meet the success criteria.

Name
Date
Class

1. Key Ideas

Before we explain the mechanism, look at the data. The numbers tell a story about gradients, distances, and surfaces — and if you read them right, you'll understand the mechanism before you've been taught it.

  • Define partial pressure and explain how it drives gas exchange
  • Explain gas exchange between the internal and external environments

2. Success Criteria

By the end, you should be able to:

  • Define partial pressure and explain how it drives gas exchange
  • Trace O₂ and CO₂ movements from external air to mitochondria
  • Explain the role of the cardiovascular system in maintaining gradients

3. Key Terms

enables efficient gas exchangetested in nearly every HSC paper — 4–6 marks in Section II
Rate of diffusionproportional to SA × concentration gradient / membrane thickness
Diffusiondriven by partial pressure gradients, not absolute amounts
The keythe gradient, not the total oxygen content
Partial pressurethe pressure exerted by one gas in a mixture; it is directly proportional to concentration and determines the direction
Bar lengthproportional to partial pressure; O₂ scale: 159 mmHg = full bar; CO₂ scale: 50 mmHg = full bar

4. Activity: Build the Lesson Map

Use the lesson to complete the table. Keep answers brief but specific.

PromptYour answer
Main concept
Important example
Common mistake to avoid
How this links to the next lesson

5. Short Answer Questions

1. 6. Explain the role of blood flow in maintaining efficient gas exchange across the alveolar membrane. In your answer, describe what would happen to gas exchange if blood flow stopped.

Band 33 marks

2. 7. Use Fick's law to explain how pulmonary oedema (fluid accumulation between alveoli and capillaries) impairs gas exchange.

Band 43 marks

3. 8. Distinguish between external gas exchange and internal gas exchange. In your answer, state where each occurs, which gases move in which direction, and what drives each exchange.

Band 54 marks

6. Extend: Apply the Idea

Band 5/65 marks

A student gives a memorised answer about Gas Exchange Between Internal and External Environments but does not use evidence or reasoning.

Improve the answer by writing a stronger response that uses accurate terminology, a relevant example and a clear explanation.

7. Multiple Choice

1. What is the best first step when answering a question about Gas Exchange Between Internal and External Environments?

A. Identify the key concept being tested

B. Write every fact from memory

C. Ignore the command word

D. Skip examples and evidence

2. Which answer would show stronger understanding of Gas Exchange Between Internal and External Environments?

A. An answer with accurate terms and reasoning

B. A copied definition only

C. A single-word response

D. An answer with no example

3. What should you do if a question asks you to explain?

A. Link the idea to a reason or cause

B. List unrelated facts

C. Only draw a diagram

D. Write the shortest possible answer

8. Success Criteria Proof

Finish with evidence that you can do each success criterion.

Success criterion 1

Prove that you can: Define partial pressure and explain how it drives gas exchange

Band 32 marks
Success criterion 2

Prove that you can: Trace O₂ and CO₂ movements from external air to mitochondria

Band 43 marks
Success criterion 3

Prove that you can: Explain the role of the cardiovascular system in maintaining gradients

Band 54 marks

One thing I still need help with: