Covers non-infectious disease categories, genetic, environmental and nutritional causes, cancer biology, and integrated disease classification.
These lessons classify non-infectious diseases and examine how genetic mutations, environmental exposures, nutritional imbalance and cancer-related gene changes lead to disease. Consolidation requires careful use of cause language and avoidance of deterministic claims.
1. Which statement best distinguishes infectious from non-infectious disease?
2. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutation of the CFTR gene. This most directly shows that:
3. Which exposure-disease pair is correctly matched?
4. Type 2 diabetes is best classified as:
5. Tumour suppressor genes normally:
6. Which statement is the most accurate evaluation of genetic risk?
MC Answers: 1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C, 5-B, 6-D
SA1: In cystic fibrosis, mutation of the CFTR gene changes the structure of a chloride channel protein. Because the protein folds incorrectly or functions poorly, chloride movement across membranes is disrupted. Water movement is also altered, leading to unusually thick mucus in the lungs and digestive system. This shows the chain from gene mutation to altered protein to physiological symptoms.
SA2: The statement is too simplistic. Personal choices such as smoking, diet and physical activity can affect risk, but many non-infectious diseases are also shaped by genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, age and access to healthcare. For example, someone may inherit a strong cancer risk or live in a context with limited healthy food access. Therefore behaviour matters, but non-infectious disease cannot be explained entirely by choice.
Tick when you have finished all questions.