Learning Objective

Predict whether a precipitate will form when two ionic solutions are mixed, using solubility rules.

Solubility Rules Checker

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Solubility Rules Reference

RuleSoluble?Exceptions
All Group 1 (Na⁺, K⁺, etc.) & NH₄⁺ saltsSOLUBLENone
All nitrates (NO₃⁻)SOLUBLENone
All chlorides (Cl⁻), bromides (Br⁻), iodides (I⁻)SOLUBLEAg⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu⁺
All sulfates (SO₄²⁻)SOLUBLEBa²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺ (slightly)
All carbonates (CO₃²⁻)INSOLUBLEGroup 1, NH₄⁺
All hydroxides (OH⁻)INSOLUBLEGroup 1, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺ (slightly)
All sulfides (S²⁻)INSOLUBLEGroup 1, NH₄⁺

Challenge Questions — Click to reveal answer

1. Will AgNO₃ + NaCl form a precipitate? Yes — AgCl is insoluble (white precipitate)
2. Will BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ form a precipitate? Yes — BaSO₄ is insoluble (white precipitate)
3. Will KNO₃ + NaCl form a precipitate? No — all nitrates and group 1 salts are soluble
4. Will CuSO₄ + NaOH form a precipitate? Yes — Cu(OH)₂ is insoluble (blue precipitate)
5. Will CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ form a precipitate? Yes — CaCO₃ is insoluble (white precipitate)