7A ladder makes an angle of $70°$ with the horizontal ground. Its foot is $2.5\text{ m}$ from the base of the wall. How high up the wall does the ladder reach (to 2 d.p.)?L14
9In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite angle $\theta$ is $7\text{ cm}$ and the adjacent side is $10\text{ cm}$. Find $\theta$ to the nearest degree.L15
10A right-angled triangle has a hypotenuse of $15\text{ cm}$ and an adjacent side of $9\text{ cm}$ for angle $\theta$. Find $\theta$ in degrees and minutes.L15
11From a point on horizontal ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a building is $32°$. The horizontal distance from the point to the base of the building is $45\text{ m}$. What is the height of the building, to 1 decimal place?L16
A $24.0\text{ m}$
B $28.1\text{ m}$
C $38.2\text{ m}$
D $76.3\text{ m}$
B — $28.1\text{ m}$. $h = 45\tan 32° \approx 45 \times 0.6249 \approx 28.1\text{ m}$. Option A uses $\sin 32°$ instead of $\tan$. Option D divides instead of multiplying.
12A ship sails on a bearing of $135°$ for $80\text{ km}$. How far south of its starting point has the ship travelled, to 1 decimal place?L17
A $56.6\text{ km}$
B $65.5\text{ km}$
C $56.6\text{ km}$
D $113.1\text{ km}$
A — $56.6\text{ km}$. A bearing of $135°$ is SE; the angle from South = $45°$. Southward distance $= 80\cos 45° \approx 80 \times 0.7071 \approx 56.6\text{ km}$. (Alternatively: southward $= 80\sin(180°-135°) = 80\sin 45°$.) Option B uses $\sin 35°$ — a labelling error.
Part B — Short Answer (show all working)
1L11
A car travels $180\text{ km}$ at $60\text{ km/h}$, then $120\text{ km}$ at $80\text{ km/h}$.
(a) Find the time taken for each leg of the trip.
(b) Find the average speed for the entire trip, to 1 decimal place.
(a) Leg 1: $T = \dfrac{180}{60} = 3\text{ h}$ | Leg 2: $T = \dfrac{120}{80} = 1.5\text{ h}$
(b) Total distance $= 180 + 120 = 300\text{ km}$; Total time $= 3 + 1.5 = 4.5\text{ h}$
Average speed $= \dfrac{300}{4.5} \approx 66.7\text{ km/h}$
Note: the average speed is NOT the average of 60 and 80, because different times are spent at each speed.
2L12
A floor plan shows a rectangular room as $8.4\text{ cm} \times 5.6\text{ cm}$ using a scale of $1\,:\,50$.
(a) Find the actual dimensions of the room in metres.
(b) Find the actual area of the room in $\text{m}^2$.