Learning Objective: Analyse forces in horizontal circular motion using a conical pendulum and banked curves.

Conical Pendulum

Angle θ
Tension T
0 N
Centripetal Force Fc
0 N
Radius r
0 m
tan(θ) = ω²r/g   T = mg/cos(θ)   Fc = mω²r

Animation & Free-Body Diagram

r θ T mg Fc
→ Red = Tension T   → Blue = Weight mg   → Green = Fc = T sin(θ)