Year 10 Science · Unit 2 · Lesson 26

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

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Learning Goals

Odd one out

Circle the item that does not belong in each group. Then explain why it doesn't fit in the answer column.

#GroupOdd one out + reason
1 Fission    Chain reaction    Uranium-235    Helium
2 Deuterium    Tritium    Hydrogen    Plutonium
3 The Sun    Stars    Fusion    Nuclear reactor
4 Splitting    Heavy nucleus    Joining    Two smaller nuclei
5 Neutron    Proton    Electron    Combustion

Scenario: a fission chain reaction in a nuclear reactor

Inside a reactor, a uranium-235 nucleus absorbs a slow-moving neutron and splits, following the equation 23592U + 10n → 14156Ba + 9236Kr + 310n. Each split releases two or three fast neutrons that can go on to split other uranium nuclei. Control rods are used to absorb some of the neutrons so that the reaction does not run out of control.

Process
Is this fission or fusion? What is the key event that happens to the uranium nucleus?
Check the equation
Add up the top numbers (mass) on each side, then the bottom numbers (atomic). Show they balance.
Chain reaction
Explain how the neutrons released cause a self-sustaining chain reaction.
Control rods
Why are control rods needed, and what would happen without them?
Fission vs fusion
Name one way a fusion reaction (such as in the Sun) would differ from this fission reaction.

Wrap Up

In one sentence, explain why a fission chain reaction must be carefully controlled in a power reactor but is uncontrolled in an atomic bomb.