Year 8 Science · Unit 1 · Lesson 1
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Learning Goals
Match each level to its meaning
Write the matching letter in the middle column. Each letter is used once.
| Level | Letter | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Cell | A. Different tissues working together as one structure. | |
| Tissue | B. A whole living thing whose organ systems work together to keep it alive. | |
| Organ | C. A group of organs working together to do a major job. | |
| Organ system | D. The basic unit of all living things. | |
| Organism | E. A group of similar cells working together. |
Odd one out
In each row, three examples are at the same level and one is not. Circle the odd one out and name its level.
| Row | Examples | Odd one out is at level… |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | the heart · muscle tissue · the stomach · a lung | |
| 2 | a leaf · the digestive system · the circulatory system · the root system | |
| 3 | a muscle cell · a leaf cell · a root · a red blood cell |
1. Define an organ system, and name the organ system that the heart belongs to.
Build the stomach’s chain in order
The stomach churns food using muscle. Number these from 1 (smallest level) to 4 (largest level).
| Order (1–4) | Structure |
|---|---|
| The stomach | |
| The digestive system | |
| One stomach muscle cell | |
| A layer of stomach muscle tissue |
2. The stomach also has a lining tissue that makes digestive juice. Use this fact to explain why the stomach is an organ and not a tissue.
Scenario: a torn calf muscle
A netball player lands badly and feels a sharp pain in her calf. The physio explains that some muscle cells have torn, so a strip of muscle tissue is damaged. The calf muscle is an organ, and now it cannot pull strongly on her heel. She limps off the court.
| Grade of tear | How much of the muscle is torn | Typical recovery time |
|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | a few muscle cells | 1 to 3 weeks |
| Grade 2 | many cells; part of the muscle tissue | 3 to 8 weeks |
| Grade 3 | the whole muscle torn through | 3 months or more (often surgery) |
Source: typical ranges given in sports-medicine guides; every injury is different.
3. Describe the pattern in Table 1. Use the words cells, tissue and organ in your answer.
Cause and effect
Complete the chain for the netball player. Each box is caused by the box before it.
4. A tomato plant has roots, stems and leaves. Explain how the tomato plant is an organised living system. Name one example at each level (cell, tissue, organ, organ system), and explain why the root system and the shoot system need each other.
Match each level to its meaning
Cell → D; Tissue → E; Organ → A; Organ system → C; Organism → B.
Odd one out
Row 1: muscle tissue (tissue; the others are organs). Row 2: a leaf (organ; the others are organ systems). Row 3: a root (organ; the others are cells).
1. A group of organs working together to do a major job. The heart belongs to the circulatory system. [2 marks]
Build the stomach’s chain in order
Reading down the table as printed: 3, 4, 1, 2. (Cell, then tissue, then the stomach, then the digestive system.)
2. A tissue is one kind of similar cells. The stomach contains at least two different tissues (muscle tissue and lining tissue) working together, so it is an organ. [2 marks]
Go Deeper
3. The more of the muscle that is torn, the longer recovery takes. A few damaged cells heal in weeks; damage to much of the tissue takes longer; when the whole organ is torn through it takes months and may need surgery. [2 marks: 1 trend, 1 using the levels]
Cause and effect: box 2: a strip of calf muscle tissue is damaged. Box 3: the calf muscle (organ) cannot pull strongly on the heel, so the leg cannot push off properly.
Show What You Know
4. Marking guide: up to 2 for correct examples at all four levels (1 if two or three are right); 1 for what roots do (take in water and hold the plant in the soil); 1 for what leaves do (make food using light); 1 for the link (the leaves need water from the roots, and the roots need food made by the leaves). Model examples: a root hair cell or leaf cell; photosynthetic tissue; a leaf, stem or root; the root system or shoot system. [5 marks]
Common error to watch for: calling a whole leaf a tissue. A leaf is made of several tissues, so it is an organ.