Year 8 Science · Unit 1 · Lesson 2
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Learning Goals
Match each tissue to its job
Write the matching letter in the middle column. Each letter is used once.
| Tissue | Letter | Job |
|---|---|---|
| Epithelial tissue | A. Carries signals around the body. | |
| Muscle tissue | B. Holds other tissues together and supports them. | |
| Nervous tissue | C. Lines and covers surfaces, forming a barrier. | |
| Connective tissue | D. Carries water and dissolved substances through a plant. | |
| Vascular tissue | E. Contracts (shortens) to cause movement. |
Odd one out
Three examples in each row belong to the same level of organisation. Circle the one that does not, and write its level.
| Row | Examples | Level of the odd one out |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | epithelial tissue · nervous tissue · the liver · muscle tissue | |
| 2 | a red blood cell · a lung · a kidney · a stem | |
| 3 | a skin cell · a muscle cell · a cheek cell · spongy tissue in a leaf |
1. Define a tissue, and name the type of tissue that makes up most of the wall of the heart.
Classify with a reason
Write cell, tissue or organ for each example. Then write the clue in its structure that told you.
| Example | Cell, tissue or organ? | Structure clue |
|---|---|---|
| The bladder: a stretchy muscle layer, a lining layer and nerves | ||
| One white blood cell that surrounds and destroys germs | ||
| Cartilage at the end of a bone: many similar cells spread through a firm, rubbery material | ||
| A gum-tree leaf: an outer skin layer, food-making layers and veins |
2. A muscle cell is long and thin, and it can shorten (contract). In muscle tissue, thousands of these cells lie side by side, all pointing the same way. Explain how this structure lets muscle tissue do its job of pulling.
Scenario: a cut that heals
Jai cuts his fingertip on a can lid. The cut goes through the outer epithelial tissue of his skin and into the connective tissue below. Over the next ten days, cells at the edges of the cut divide to make new cells, and the gap slowly closes. Jai measures the width of the gap every two days.
| Day | Width of the gap (mm) |
|---|---|
| 0 | 3.0 |
| 2 | 2.6 |
| 4 | 1.8 |
| 6 | 1.0 |
| 8 | 0.4 |
| 10 | 0.0 (closed) |
Source: sample measurements of one healing cut.
3. By how many millimetres did the gap close between day 2 and day 6? What was the average closing per day over those four days?
Answer mm, and mm per day
4. Describe how the speed of healing changes over the ten days. Quote two numbers from Table 1.
Cause and effect
Complete the chain for Jai’s cut. Each box is caused by the box before it. Use the words tissue and organ.
5. The heart is an animal organ and a leaf is a plant organ. Compare them. For each organ, name two of its tissues and say what each tissue does. Then explain what the whole organ does and why neither the heart nor a leaf could be classed as a single tissue.
Match each tissue to its job
Epithelial tissue → C; Muscle tissue → E; Nervous tissue → A; Connective tissue → B; Vascular tissue → D.
Odd one out
Row 1: the liver (organ; the others are tissues). Row 2: a red blood cell (cell; the others are organs). Row 3: spongy tissue in a leaf (tissue; the others are cells).
1. A group of similar cells working together to do one job. Muscle tissue makes up most of the heart wall. [2 marks]
Classify with a reason
Bladder: organ; it contains different tissues (muscle, lining and nerve tissue) working together. White blood cell: cell; it is one single specialised unit. Cartilage: tissue; it is many similar cells working together (a connective tissue). Gum-tree leaf: organ; it has several different tissues (epidermis, palisade and spongy tissue, vascular tissue) working together.
2. Each cell can shorten, and because the cells point the same way, they all pull in the same direction at once, making a much stronger pull than one cell could. [2 marks: 1 structure, 1 function]
Go Deeper
3. 2.6 − 1.0 = 1.6 mm; 1.6 ÷ 4 = 0.4 mm per day. [2 marks: 1 each]
4. Slow at first (0.4 mm in days 0–2), fastest in the middle (0.8 mm in days 2–4 and again in days 4–6), then slower as the gap closes (0.4 mm in days 8–10). [2 marks: 1 pattern, 1 numbers]
Cause and effect: box 2: the new, similar cells fill the gap and join up, rebuilding the epithelial tissue (and the connective tissue below). Box 3: the skin, an organ made of several tissues, is whole again and can work as a barrier.
Show What You Know
5. Marking guide: 1 two heart tissues with jobs (for example muscle contracts; nerve tissue controls the beat); 1 two leaf tissues with jobs (for example palisade makes food; vascular tissue carries water); 1 heart pumps blood; 1 leaf makes food; 1 each organ has different tissues, and a tissue is only similar cells. [5 marks]
Common error to watch for: calling a whole muscle or a whole leaf a tissue because one tissue type is most obvious. If more than one kind of tissue is working together, it is an organ.