Year 8 Science · Unit 1 · Lesson 18
Foundation Worksheet
Learning Goals
Fill the gap
Choose the correct word from the word bank. Two words will not be used.
Similar cells group together to form , which make up organs, and organs work together in organ . In a plant, carries water up from the roots and carries sugar from the leaves. In an animal, the pumps blood through the blood vessels. Oxygen enters the blood at the in the lungs, and the remove urea from the blood.
True or false? Fix the false ones
Circle T or F. If a statement is false, correct it on the line.
1. Plants and animals are both organised living systems, built from cells, tissues, organs and systems.
Correct it:
2. Transport has nothing to do with gas exchange or digestion.
Correct it:
3. Memorising the definitions is enough to answer a whole-unit question well.
Correct it:
4. A problem in one component, such as damaged roots, can affect the whole living system.
Correct it:
5. A claim about a living system is stronger when it is supported by data, a diagram or a case study.
Correct it:
Scenario: Jordan’s stomach bug
Jordan caught a stomach bug. It irritated the lining of his gut, so his gut absorbed much less water into his blood and he had diarrhoea (watery faeces). On the first day he felt too sick to drink much.
Put the problem-solving steps in order
Number the sentences 1 to 5 to follow the lesson’s problem-solving frame. Then name the step: structure, role, support, wider effect or evidence.
| Order (1–5) | Sentence | Step |
|---|---|---|
| The blood carries this water and food to cells all around the body. | ||
| On the first day of the bug, Jordan lost 0.8 kg and his urine was dark yellow (Table 1). | ||
| The gut normally absorbs water and digested food into the blood. | ||
| Less water reaches the blood, so Jordan’s body dries out and his kidneys save water by making less urine. | ||
| The bug irritates the lining of Jordan’s gut. |
Read the data
| Day | Water drunk (mL) | Water lost in diarrhoea (mL) | Body mass (kg) | Urine colour |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A normal day, before the bug | 1800 | 0 | 45.0 | pale yellow |
| First day of the bug | 900 | 1000 | 44.2 | dark yellow |
| Second day of the bug | 2000 | 300 | 44.6 | light yellow |
Source: invented figures for one student.
1. Name the body system the gut belongs to, and the system that carries water from the gut to every cell.
2. How much body mass did Jordan lose from a normal day to the first day of the bug? Most of this loss was water. If 1 kg of water is 1000 mL, how many millilitres of water is this?
Answer kg; mL
3. On the second day of the bug, Jordan drank more than on a normal day, yet his body mass was still below normal. Suggest two reasons why.
4. In one paragraph, explain how living systems work as a whole. Start with a claim, give evidence from at least two earlier lessons (one plant example and one animal example), and use reasoning to show how organisation, transport and disruption are linked.
Fill the gap
tissues; systems; xylem; phloem; heart; alveoli; kidneys. Not used: stomach, stomata.
True or false
1. True. 2. False: transport links to both; it carries oxygen from gas exchange and nutrients from digestion to cells. 3. False: you also need to connect ideas, use evidence and reason through problems. 4. True. 5. True.
Put the problem-solving steps in order
Reading down the table as printed: 3, 5, 2, 4, 1. Steps, reading down: support; evidence; role; wider effect; structure.
Read the data
1. Digestive system; circulatory system. [2 marks]
2. 45.0 − 44.2 = 0.8 kg; 0.8 × 1000 = 800 mL. [2 marks: 1 each step]
3. Any two: he was still losing 300 mL in diarrhoea; his gut was still irritated, so it absorbed less of the water he drank; one day of drinking was not enough to replace all the water lost on the first day; he may have eaten less food. [2 marks]
Show What You Know
4. Marking guide: 1 claim about the whole unit; 1 plant example used correctly; 1 animal example used correctly; 1 link between organisation and transport; 1 disruption in one part spreading to the whole system. Model answer: Living systems are organised parts that depend on each other to move materials. A plant’s roots, stem and leaves are organs in connected systems: roots take in water, xylem carries it to the leaves, and phloem carries sugar back. In a person, the gut absorbs food and water, and the circulatory system carries them to every cell. Because the parts are linked, a problem in one spreads: damaged roots make the leaves wilt, and a gut infection can dry out the whole body. [5 marks]
Common error to watch for: listing one fact from each lesson with no links. Look for words such as “so”, “because” and “which means” that join the ideas.