Electron Sea Simulator
See how temperature and force affect metallic bonding
Temperature
20°C
Metallic bonding: Positive metal cations sit in a "sea" of delocalised electrons. These electrons are free to move, which explains why metals conduct electricity and heat. When you apply force (hammer), the layers of ions can slide past each other without breaking — the electron sea holds them together. When you heat the metal, the electrons move faster.
Adjust temperature or click Hammer to see metallic bonding in action