Year 9 Science · Unit 4 · Lesson 3

How Science Is Verified: Hypothesis Testing and Peer Review

Challenge Worksheet

Name
Date
Class

Learning Goals

Odd one out

Circle the item that does not belong in each group. Then explain why it doesn't fit in the answer column.

#GroupYour answer (odd one + reason)
1 Hypothesis    Test    Evidence    Popularity
2 Peer review    Replication    Number of online views    Repeated testing
3 Independent team repeats it    Same team repeats it    Different sites agree    Different samples agree
4 Retraction    Updating after new evidence    Refusing to change your mind    Self-correction

Evaluate the claim

Someone claims...

A single, peer-reviewed study with 18 participants reports that a new vitamin cures the common cold. A wellness influencer shares it, writing: "It's peer reviewed, so it's proven. Scientists have confirmed it, stop doubting and start taking it." The post gets two million likes.

(a) The study was peer reviewed. Explain why being peer reviewed still does not make this finding established science. Refer to the difference between a single study and an established finding.

Challenge 3 marks

(b) Why are two million likes not evidence that the claim is scientifically valid? Use the ideas of objectivity and replication in your answer.

Challenge 3 marks

(c) Set out the full sequence of checks this vitamin claim would need to pass before doctors should rely on it. For each step, explain what it adds to our confidence.

Challenge 4 marks

(d) Some people say, "Scientists keep changing their advice, so science can't be trusted." Write a short, reasoned argument explaining why updating conclusions in response to better evidence is actually a strength of science.

Challenge 3 marks

Wrap Up

In one sentence, what was the main idea of this lesson?